Effect of Adding Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration in Wheat (Tritium Aestivum L.) using Remote Sensing Devices

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of vermicompost on nitrogen concentration in wheat, the effect of vermicompost levels on soil nitrogen content, and the effect of interaction on soil and plant nitrogen concentration. A field experiment was conducted in Al-Muthanna Governorate, in the Al-Dahra area, during the 2025-2026 winter season. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). It included three levels of vermicompost (0, 2, and 4 tons ha-1, designated V1, V2, and V3, respectively) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50, and 100% of the recommended fertilization, designated N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively). Available soil nitrogen was estimated at flowering and harvesting stages, as were plant nitrogen concentrations at flowering and harvesting stages, total bacterial counts, and available soil phosphorus at both stages. Flowering and harvesting. The results showed the effect of adding vermicompost on increasing nitrogen availability in the soil. Level V3 resulted in a significant increase in the average available nitrogen in the soil during the flowering and harvesting stages. Adding vermicompost also affected the nitrogen concentration in plants during the flowering and harvesting stages. Level V3 resulted in a significant increase in the average nitrogen concentration in plants during these stages. Adding vermicompost also affected the phosphorus availability in the soil. Level V3 resulted in a significant increase in the average available phosphorus in the soil during the flowering and harvesting stages. Adding vermicompost also affected the total bacterial count in the soil. Adding nitrogen compost at 50% of the recommended fertilizer level also increased nitrogen availability in the soil. Level N3 resulted in a significant increase in the average available nitrogen in the soil during the flowering and harvesting stages. And harvesting. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer also affected the increase in nitrogen concentration in plants during the flowering and harvesting stages. The N3 level showed a significant advantage in the average nitrogen concentration in plants during these stages. Furthermore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at 50% of the recommended fertilizer level increased phosphorus availability in the soil. The N3 level showed a significant advantage in the average available nitrogen in the soil during the flowering and harvesting stages. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer also increased the total number of bacteria in the soil. The interaction between vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in available nitrogen in the soil at harvest, nitrogen concentration in plants during flowering, nitrogen concentration in plants at harvest, and available phosphorus in the soil at both flowering and harvesting.