Cardiac and Biochemical Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Association of Fetuin-A, Endothelin-1 and Lipoxygenase-1 with Cardiac Injury, Lipid Disturbance and Electrolyte Imbalance

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a condition of acute myocardial damage due to inadequate coronary blood flow. It is characterised by inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, lipid abnormalities and electrolyte imbalance. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the blood levels of Fetuin-A, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1), Troponin, lipid profile parameters, potassium and magnesium in patients of AMI and healthy controls. A total of 120 subjects were examined, including 80 patients with AMI and 40 healthy controls. Blood was collected (approx 5 mL), serum separated, and stored at −20 °C. Biochemical indices and biomarkers were analysed by validated assays. LOX-1 was partially purified by ammonium-sulphate precipitation, dialysis, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Significant biochemical changes were observed in AMI patients with increased LOX-1 and ET-1 and decreased Fetuin-A. The results suggest that they may be involved in oxidative, inflammatory and endothelial processes in AMI. Prior to clinical implementation further multicenter and independent validation investigations are necessary.