Super Leadership and Nurse Performance at Kendari Regional Hospital: The Mediating Roles of Work Environment and Work Engagement
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Nurses are the backbone of healthcare services, but they face significant challenges in the form of high workloads. At Kendari City Hospital, systemic pressure is evident in the surge in Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) to 88.76% and the short Turnover Interval (TOI) (1 day). This phenomenon demands a leadership model that builds nurse independence through super leadership. This study aims to analyze the effect of super leadership on nurse performance, with the work environment and work engagement as mediating variables.
Methods: This type of quantitative research used a cross-sectional design, conducted at Kendari City Hospital from January to June 2026. The sample consisted of 167 nurses using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires adapted from standardized instruments (Superleadership Questionnaire, PES-NWI, UWES, and performance scale). Data analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
Results: The analysis showed that super leadership did not have a significant direct effect on nurse performance (p = 0.524). However, all mediation paths were found to be significant (p < 0.05). A strong mediation effect was found in the influence of super leadership on nurse performance through work engagement (indirect effect = 0.516; p = 0.000). In addition, there was a significant serial mediation effect of super leadership through the work environment and work engagement on nurse performance (effect = 0.093; p = 0.022). This model was able to explain 44.6% of the variance in nurse performance (R2 = 0.446).
Conclusion: Super leadership is effective in indirectly improving nurses' clinical performance when it successfully builds high work engagement and is supported by an improved work environment. Hospital management is advised to implement this approach to maintain the quality of care amidst high service intensity.