Clinical, Psychological and Socioeconomic Traits that are associated with Nicotine Dependency in Smokers Clinical Correlates of Nicotine Dependence

Abstract

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major public health challenge. This study assessed factors associated with nicotine dependence among smokers attending a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 43 adult smokers. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), while psychological status, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status were evaluated using validated instruments.
Results: Moderate, high, and very high nicotine dependence were observed in 23.3%, 18.6%, and 11.6% of participants, respectively. Nicotine dependence was significantly associated with age (p=0.031), marital status (p=0.002), educational status (p=0.003), diabetes mellitus (p=0.002), alcohol dependence (p=0.045), and socioeconomic status (p=0.042).
Conclusion: Nicotine dependence is significantly associated with demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors, highlighting the need for comprehensive assessment to support individualized smoking cessation interventions.