The Role of Lumbricus Rubellus Extract on Inflamed Skin: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review seeks to consolidate both preclinical and clinical data on the effectiveness, mechanisms, and safety of Lumbricus rubellus extract as a possible treatment for inflamed skin or inflammatory skin diseases. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. An extensive search was performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and DOAJ for studies published over the last decade, utilizing Boolean combinations of Lumbricus rubellus AND (skin inflammation OR acne OR dermatitis OR urticaria OR psoriasis). The risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane RoB, ROBINS-I, or the SYRCLE tool as suitable, and the findings were narratively synthesized. Five studies from Indonesia, including randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and in vivo studies, assessed the impact of Lumbricus rubellus extract on inflammatory skin conditions. The findings indicated reductions in IL-31, IL-5, IgE, eosinophils, and Staphylococcus aureus colonization, along with increases in IL-10 and FOXP3, suggesting immunomodulatory effects. These changes correlated with improvements in SCORAD scores, though the extent varied and some results were not consistently significant. When used alongside standard therapies, additional benefits were observed. Preclinical studies also showed a decrease in paw edema. Reported side effects were mild, primarily nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort, with no serious incidents noted. Lumbricus rubellus extract shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for inflammatory skin conditions due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.