Effectiveness of Square Breathing Exercise on Stress, Fatigue and Quality of Sleep among Elderly People in Koravallimedu at Puducherry

Abstract

Background: Stress, fatigue, and reduced sleep quality are common concerns among elderly populations, significantly affecting their health and overall quality of life. As non-pharmacological interventions gain prominence, square breathing, a structured breathing technique, has been proposed as a straightforward method with the potential to mitigate these challenges in the elderly.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of square breathing exercises in reducing stress and fatigue, and improving sleep quality among elderly individuals in Koravallimedu, Puducherry.

Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design were utilized, enrolling 220 elderly participants through random sampling. Demographic data was collected, and validated scales were used to assess stress (Cohen Perceived Stress Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Assessment Scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) before and after 4 weeks of intervention.

Results: The intervention produced significant improvements in 220 participants. Stress scores decreased from 29.90±4.82 to 13.36±4.22 (t(219)=36.85, p<0.001), and fatigue from 38.18±4.76 to 18.56±4.12 (t(219)=42.16, p<0.001). PSQI scores improved from 13.16±2.96 to 4.50±2.21 (t(219)=42.87, p<0.001). These results indicate substantial reductions in stress and fatigue and marked enhancement in sleep quality post-intervention.

Conclusion: Square breathing exercises represent an effective, straightforward, and safe non-pharmacological approach to mitigating stress and fatigue while enhancing sleep quality among the elderly. Integrating such interventions into daily routines and elderly care programs can substantially improve the well-being and quality of life in ageing populations.