Farmers’ Dynamic Pathway Model of Objective (OWB) and Subjective Well-Being (SWB): An Exploratory Framework from a SPAR-4-SLR

Abstract

The economic dimension is well documented in the SWB literature. However, this study goes beyond the Easterlin paradox by proposing the Dynamic Pathways Model, which transforms OWB into SWB. Hence, the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol and the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology) framework have been used across 58 empirical studies to theorise complex and nonlinear mechanism that governs farmer satisfaction. Specific attention has been given to conversion and transition pathways, as well as to contextual moderators. This study found that happiness is a nonlinear outcome of agricultural productivity, shaped by a highly context-dependent evaluation process that filters through psychological and institutional factors. In the same policy intervention, the development focus may shift from pure income growth to mediating and moderating pathways of social, ecological, and psychological domains.