Circular Economy Model for Organic Waste Recovery through Eco‑Enzyme Production in Pamekasan Regency

Abstract

This study evaluates a circular economy model combining source segregation, eco-enzyme fermentation, and derivative product development at the landfill serving Pamekasan Regency, Indonesia. An uncontrolled before-and-after assessment covered three months. The reported waste stream was 8,547.09 tons per month, including 4,700.90 tons of organic material. Month 3 diversion components totaled approximately 282 tons, equivalent to 6 percent of the organic fraction. Accepted eco-enzyme production totaled 16,790 liters. At assumed prices of IDR 5,000 to 8,000 per liter, estimated monthly gross revenue ranged from IDR 26.01 to 47.51 million. The optimistic scenario covered reported monthly operating costs from Month 2 onward. Odor intensity and fly and mosquito counts declined by 25.0, 43.9, and 50.7 percent, respectively, while leachate pH increased from 4.2 to 4.8. These uncontrolled changes cannot establish intervention effects or reduced disease burden. The model offers a pathway for local resource recovery, subject to verified material balances, product performance and safety, market demand, and complete cost accounting.