HCV Genotype and Viral Load Distribution among Infected Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in Western Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant public health challenge, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Monitoring viral load and genotypes is essential for clinical management and public health planning. This study aimed to detect HCV genotypes and viral loads among infected patients in Western Uttar Pradesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from March, 2025, to April, 2026. The study included 456 patients who tested positive for HCV antibodies using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (U.P.), 244001, India. Viral load was quantified using RT-PCR on the Quant-Studio 5 platform, and genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing for viral-load-positive samples.
Results: Among 456 ICT-reactive records, the mean age was 45.23 ± 16.20 years (range: 6–93 years). Females accounted for 57.0% (n=260) and males for 43.0% (n=196). Most patients (92.1%) were from the inpatient department. Viral load was detected in 208 cases, with a median of 15,437.5 IU/mL (range: 52–132,972,250 IU/mL). Genotype 3a was the most common (54.8%, 114/208), followed by 1a (17.8%, 37/208). Other genotypes detected included 3b (8.7%), 1b (2.9%), and 4a (0.5%). Genotyping was not performed for 248 cases.
Conclusion: Genotype 3a is the predominant circulating HCV genotype in Western Uttar Pradesh. The high proportion of inpatient cases and the broad range of viral loads emphasize the necessity of systematic screening and genotype-guided therapy.