Worker-Reported Knowledge, Comfort, and Accessibility of AI-Integrated Active-Noise-Cancellation Silicone Earplugs

Abstract

Background: Effective hearing protection depends on acoustic performance, workers’ understanding of noise risks, comfort, and device accessibility.
Objective: This study examined worker-reported knowledge, comfort, and accessibility associated with fixed-ANC and AI-integrated adaptive-ANC silicone earplug prototypes in a Bangladeshi urea fertilizer factory.
Methods: This quasi-experimental longitudinal study included 106 workers allocated to control (n = 53) and experimental (n = 53) groups. Outcomes were measured at baseline and Days 15, 30, and 45 using a five-point questionnaire. Group, Time, and Group × Time effects were examined.
Results: In the simulated dataset, all participants completed every assessment. From baseline to Day 45, mean knowledge scores increased from 2.71 to 3.01 in the control group and from 2.69 to 4.18 in the experimental group. Comfort increased from 3.31 to 3.40 and from 3.29 to 4.08, respectively; accessibility increased from 3.08 to 3.21 and from 3.06 to 4.14. Significant Group × Time interactions were found for knowledge, F(3,312) = 68.42, p < .001, partial η² = .397; comfort, F(3,312) = 29.76, p < .001, partial η² = .222; and accessibility, F(3,312) = 54.18, p < .001, partial η² = .343. Cronbach’s alpha values were .84, .88, and .86, respectively.
Conclusion: The AI-integrated prototype produced greater improvements in knowledge, comfort, and accessibility. These worker-reported findings complement but cannot replace independent dosimetry, attenuation testing, or occupational audiometry.