Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Role in Cancer

Abstract

Cancer therapy is difficult since many anti-cancer drugs possess low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. These problems might affect the effectiveness of drug delivery and absorption. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) represent the lipid formulation to increase the solubilisation and delivery of the drug. This study investigates the formulation efficacy and anticancer activity of SNEDDS via experiments on physicochemical and biological characteristics. In the research, the following parameters have been studied: the visual assessment of the formulation, pH, refractive index, transmittance, self-emulsification time, the size of droplets, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Also, the drug loading and entrapment efficacy have been measured for the estimation of the formulation ability. Moreover, in-vitro release of the drug has been evaluated to understand the release profile of the incorporated anti-cancer drug. The optimised SNEDDS showed clear and homogeneous characteristics, nanoscale droplets, low polydispersity, and suitable surface charge. The formulation also demonstrated efficient drug incorporation and sustained drug release during in-vitro testing. Cytotoxicity assessment showed concentration-dependent reductions in cancer cell viability. Apoptosis analysis indicated increased programmed cell death after SNEDDS treatment, while cellular uptake analysis demonstrated enhanced intracellular drug exposure. Stability assessment showed only minor changes in important formulation parameters during the tested period. Overall, the findings indicate that SNEDDS can improve important pharmaceutical and biological properties of poorly soluble anticancer drugs. The study therefore supports further investigation of SNEDDS through extended stability studies, pharmacokinetic evaluation, animal experiments, and clinical research for cancer drug delivery