The Indian Feminist Trajectory: Navigating Womanism Beyond the Western Lens

Abstract

Indian feminism has long struggled with the unease of foreign theoretical frameworks. To understand the progression of feminism in Indian literature, it is essential to examine the extensive history and characteristics of women's movements in India, which are intrinsically linked to exploring the influence of tradition, culture, religion, and various institutional frameworks, including family and marriage, on women's experiences. Womanism in India surpasses the confines of feminism as it is an integrated notion that continually incorporates the experiences and realities of Indian women. Womanism originated in African American culture, although it possesses considerable significance and relevance to Indian society. Considering the myriad identities and cultures present in India, the challenges and issues faced by various individuals varies accordingly. The concepts proposed by Alice Walker, Chikwenye Ogunyemi, and Clenora Hudson-Weems jointly formed the basis of womanism. Womanism in India lacks the comprehensive theoretical exploration seen in the literature and dialogues around African American women; yet, it is fervently adopted and practiced in the everyday experiences and challenges of individuals beyond those who label themselves as ‘womanists. Recognizing Indian Womanism as a distinct, indigenous paradigm allows scholars and activists to address gender inequity while upholding the fundamental sociocultural structures that sustain Indian communities. The paper tries to navigate Indian Womanism while exploring the various trends and movements of Indian feminism.