The Development of Online Learning Packages to Enhance Teachers' Competencies that Affect Student Learning for Teacher Students

Abstract

This research aimed to: (1) investigate the needs for enhancing teacher competencies that affect student learning for teacher students; (2) develop an online learning package to enhance teacher competencies that affect student learning for teacher students, with an efficiency criterion of 80/80; (3) examine the effects of using the online learning package to enhance teacher competencies that affect student learning for teacher students; and (4) evaluate students' satisfaction with the online learning package. The research was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 investigated the needs for enhancing teacher competencies that affect student learning. The participants comprised two groups: (1) 21 instructors who teach professional teacher education courses in institutions affiliated with Bunditpatanasilpa Institute, Mahamakut Buddhist University, Mahavajiralongkorn Rajavidyalaya Campus, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, and Saint John's University; and (2) 400 first- to fourth-year undergraduate students in the Bachelor of Education program in the 2026 academic year at institutions affiliated with Bunditpatanasilpa Institute, Ministry of Culture, selected through multistage sampling. The research instruments were an interview form with an Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) of 1.00 for every item and a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.97. Phase 2 involved developing the online learning package to meet the 80/80 efficiency criterion. Its appropriateness was examined through a focus-group discussion with experts and an evaluation form with an IOC of 1.00 for every item. The package was then tested for efficiency. Phase 3 examined the effects of using the online learning package and evaluated students' satisfaction. The experimental participants were 60 third-year Bachelor of Education students in the 2026 academic year from Lopburi College of Dramatic Arts and Suphan Buri College of Dramatic Arts, Bunditpatanasilpa Institute, Ministry of Culture, selected through multistage sampling. The instruments included a teacher-competency test with item difficulty ranging from 0.40 to 0.60, item discrimination indices of at least 0.21, and reliability of 0.89, as well as a satisfaction questionnaire with reliability of 0.92. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, a t-test, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: (1) teacher competencies affecting student learning comprised learning management, instructional design and lesson-plan development, classroom management, measurement and evaluation, learner development, and teacher leadership. Overall, students' need for enhancement of these competencies was high (mean = 4.39, S.D. = 0.55). (2) The online learning package consisted of instructions, learning objectives, a pretest, six learning topics, subtopic pretests, learning content, activity sheets, subtopic posttests, a posttest, a satisfaction questionnaire, and communication channels, presented through Google Sites. Experts rated its appropriateness at the highest level (mean = 4.64, S.D. = 0.55). The three-stage efficiency results (E1/E2) were 76.67/78.89, 80.56/81.85, and 82.78/84.11, respectively. (3) Students' mean competency score after using the online learning package (mean = 23.13, S.D. = 5.42) was higher than before using it (mean = 12.03, S.D. = 6.10), with statistical significance at the .05 level. Overall satisfaction was at the highest level (mean = 4.80, S.D. = 0.35).